Here is the list of resources and what components that can be extracted from them. some things will not have what resources they give being as though I have not gathered the information my self.
I know that there are more then one place that a person can find the entity's that drop things listed here, the link will take you to the page that I found them on first.

Drop	Resource	Entity	Locations
A
Amethyst Gem	Shard Clarity Shard Essence	Shard Prospector	Taulin Gamma Wastes (Sands)
B
Blossom Branch	Spine Bloom Dart Scorched Bark	Spine Bloom	Highridge (Walk) Highridge (Descent)
Buglette Wing	Rotor Transmission Rotor Fin Gyro Stabiliser	Buglette	Desert Path (Mouth) Desert Path (Straights)
Bullet Storm Arm	Bullet Mechanism Bullet Barrel	Bullet Storm Cyborg	Taulin Gamma Wastes (Straights) Taulin Gamma Wastes (vale)
Buzz arm	Wrist Anchor Buzz disc	Buzzfist Mauler	Taulin Gamma Wastes(Plains) Taulin Gamma Wastes (Straights)
C
Chorme Arm	Chrome Hand	sharona rai (elite)	Taulin Gamma Wastes (Towers)
Crusher Forearm	Internal Servos Sensory Inputs	Chrome Hand Crusher	101 Highridge HQ
Cyborg Raider Noggin	Cyborg Raider Skull	Cyborg Raider	Cloning Facility (Loading Bay)
D
Data Sphere	System Capacitor	Bit Colator	System Edge
Dealer Head	Implant Socket Eye Plate	Pain Dealer	Taulin Gamma Wastes (Plains) Taulin Outskirts (Inner)
Descent Spider Body	Descent Spider Leg Descent Spider Mandibles	Trapdoor Spider	Highridge (Descent)
E
Energy cords	Pulse Line	Corrupted System Monitor	Databank (Beta)
F
Fervo Body	Glow Sack	Fervo Beetle	Highridge Mines (Mouth)
G
Gamma Worm Carcas	Gamma Worm Skull Gamma Worm Hide	Gamma Worm (Champion)	Taulin Gamma Wastes (Nest)
Gamma Worm Head	Gamma Beak	Gamma Worm Larvae	Taulin Gamma Wastes (Hot zone) Taulin Gamma Wastes (Nest) Taulin Gamma Wastes (Plateau)
H
Harversters Body	Harvesters Arm Harvesters Chest	Desert Path (Straights)	Desert Path (Straights)
Hertz matrix	Surge Vector	Energy Spike Failed Cyborg Unit	Databank (Alpha) Transfer Pod Cloning Facility (West Wing)
Hook Toad Head	Hook Toad Skull Toads Barbed Tongue	Hook Toad	Phantom Lake (Shore)
I
J
K
L
Labour Droid Chest	Silvered Chest Plate Sub Dermal Skin Mesh	Labor Android Mk3	Highridge (Walk)
Labour Droid Torso	Droid Chest Shard	Labor Android Mk2	Taulin Outskirts (Inner) Taulin Outskirts (Edge)
Looted Components	Energy Sink Capacitor Link Solar Panel Fragment	Chrome Zealot (Champion)	Taulin Gamma Wastes (Towers)
Looter Backpack	Acetylene Canister	Resource Thief	Cloning Facility (East Wing) Cloning Facility (Loading Bay)
Lurker Head	Lurker Tooth Lurker Skull Lurker Skin	Sand Lurker (Elite)	Desert Path (Straights)
M
Mine Security Equipment	Mine Security Gun
Monitor Head	Monitor Armored Lens	Corrupted System Monitor Failed Cyborg Unit	Databank (Beta) Transfer Pod Cloning Facility (West Wing)
Multi Core	Pulse Line	Rogue Legacy Routine	Analytical Layer
N
O
P
Pincer Claw	Pincer Housing Pincer Grabber	Pincer Claw Cyborg	Taulin Gamma Wastes (Plateau)
Q
R
Rad Eye Hand	Blackened Pistol	Radeye Pistol Slinger	Phantom Lake (Inner)
Rad Snake Head	Rad Snake Fang Rad Snake Skull Venom Gland	Rad Snake	Desert Path (Steps) 101 Highridge HQ
Razor Branch	Razor Bark Razor Leaf	Razor Weed	Taulin Gamma Wastes (Razor Plain)
S
Scanner Head	Scanner Transducer Scanner Eye	Dune Scanner (Elite)	Taulin Outskirts (Dunes)
Screamer Carcas	Screamer Thalamus Screamer Skin	Cerebereal screamer	Taulin Outskirts (Dunes)
Security Droid Husk	Security Droid Leg Constrictor Tail	Obsolete Security Droid	Cloning Facility (East Wing) Cloning Facility (West Wing)
Shard Worker Body	Shard Spike	Shard Prospect Worker	Taulin Gamma Wastes (Dunes) Taulin Gamma Wastes (Sands)
Spear Hunter Rags	Spear Hunter Strides	Mutant Spear Hunter	Phantom Lake (outer)
Surgeons Hand	Surgical Mini Saw Surgical Tool	Old Medic Android	Taulin Gamma Wastes (Vale) Taulin Gamma Wastes (Hot Zone)
T
Trojan Engine	Trojan Transducer Trojan core	Trojan Tank	Archive Analytical Layer
U
Ug Arm	Ug Hand Ug Finger	Ug Pug	Desert Path (Narrows) Desert Path (Steps)
V
W
Wreck Components	Bomb Wiring Quantum Material Bomb Casing	Razor Weed	Taulin Gamma Wastes (Razor Plain)
Wreck Salvage	Projection Array Thermal Chamber Superconductor	Shard Prospector	Taulin Gamma Wastes (Sands)
X
Y
Z
Zealot Head	Zealot Scanner Zealot Data Cable	Chrome Zealot (Champion)	Taulin Gamma Wastes (Towers)

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